4.

Áðr Burs synir / bjöðum um ypðu,

Ere Bur’s sons / the burden lifted,

• áðr adv. already, before
• Burs gen. Burr, Borr
• synir noun pl nom sonr m. son
• bjǫð f flat land, ground
• ypðu 3pl. past lift, raise

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sonr	sonrinn	synir	synirnir
accusative	son	soninn	sonu, syni	sonuna
dative	syni	syninum	sonum	sonunum
genitive	sonar	sonarins	sona	sonanna

feminine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	bjǫð	bjǫðin	bjaðir	bjaðirnar
accusative	bjǫð	bjǫðina	bjaðir	bjaðirnar
dative	bjǫðu	bjǫðunni	bjǫðum	bjǫðunum
genitive	bjaðar	bjaðarinnar	bjaða	bjaðanna

infinitive	yppa
present participle	yppandi
past participle	ypðr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	yppi	ypða
2nd-person singular	yppir	ypðir
3rd-person singular	yppir	ypði
1st-person plural	yppum	ypðum
2nd-person plural	yppið	ypðuð
3rd-person plural	yppa	ypðu

þeir er Miðgarð / mæran skópu;

they who Midgard / mighty created;

• þeir nom. m. pl
• Miðgarðr miðr ‎(“middle”) + garðr ‎(“enclosure, yard”)
• garðr m. an enclosed space, yard
• mæran acc. m. sg. mærr famous, glorious
• skópu 3pl past skapa ‎(singular past indicative skóp, plural past indicative skópu, past participle skapaðr) to shape, make, create

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	garðr	garðrinn	garðar	garðarnir
accusative	garð	garðinn	garða	garðana
dative	garði	garðinum	gǫrðum	gǫrðunum
genitive	garðs	garðsins	garða	garðanna

infinitive	skapa
present participle	skapandi
past participle	skapaðr
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	skapi	skapaða, skóp
2nd-person singular	skapir	skapaðir, skópt
3rd-person singular	skapir	skapaði, skóp
1st-person plural	skǫpum	skǫpuðum, skópum
2nd-person plural	skapið	skǫpuðuð, skópuð
3rd-person plural	skapa	skǫpuðu, skópu

sól skein sunnan / á salar steina,

sun shone from the south / on the temple rocks,

• sól f (genitive singular sólar, plural sólir) sun
• skein verb 3rd sg perf ind act skína to shine
• sunnan adv sunnan from the south
• á prep. onto +acc., on +dat.
• salr m (genitive salar, plural salir) room, hall
• steina noun pl acc steinn m (genitive steins, plural steinar) a stone, boulder, rock

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sól	sólin	sólir	sólirnar
accusative	sól	sólina	sólir	sólirnar
dative	sól	sólini	sólum	sólunum
genitive	sólar	sólarinnar	sóla	sólanna

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	salr	salrinn	salir	salirnir
accusative	sal	salinn	sali	salina
dative	sal	salinum	sǫlum	sǫlunum
genitive	salar	salarins	sala	salanna

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	steinn	steinninn	steinar	steinarnir
accusative	stein	steininn	steina	steinana
dative	steini	steininum	steinum	steinunum
genitive	steins	steinsins	steina	steinanna

þá var grund gróin / grœnum lauki.

the ground grows / with green onions.

• þá adv. then
• grund noun sg nom grund f (genitive grundar, plural grundir) green field, grassy plain
• gróin part. nom. f. sg. gróa ‎(singular past indicative greri, plural past indicative greru, past participle gróinn) to grow (of plants)
• grœnn (comparative grœnni, superlative grœnstr) green, fresh
• lauki noun sg dat laukr leek, garlic

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	grœnn	grœn	grœnt
accusative	grœnan	grœna	grœnt
dative	grœnum	grœnri	grœnu
genitive	grœns	grœnrar	grœns
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	grœnir	grœnar	grœn
accusative	grœna	grœnar	grœn
dative	grœnum	grœnum	grœnum
genitive	grœnra	grœnra	grœnra

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	laukr	laukrinn	laukar	laukarnir
accusative	lauk	laukinn	lauka	laukana
dative	lauki	laukinum	laukum	laukunum
genitive	lauks	lauksins	lauka	laukanna