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Völuspá 5

5.

Sól varp sunnan, / sinni mána,

Sun warped south, / moons companion,

  • Sól f (genitive singular sólar, plural sólir) sun
  • varp past 3sg. verpa ‎(singular past indicative varp, plural past indicative urpu, past participle orpinn) to throw, cast, to lay eggs, to guess, calculate
  • sunnan adv sunnan from the south (koma, fara, ríða s);
  • sinni noun sg nom sinni poet follower, companion
  • mána máni m (genitive mána, plural mánar) (poetic) the moon
infinitive verpa
present participle verpandi
past participle orpinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular verp varp
2nd-person singular verpr varpt
3rd-person singular verpr varp
1st-person plural verpum urpum
2nd-person plural verpið urpuð
3rd-person plural verpa urpu
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative sinni sinninn sinnar sinnarnir
accusative sinna sinnann sinna sinnana
dative sinna sinnanum sinnum sinnunum
genitive sinna sinnans sinna sinnanna
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative máni máninn mánar mánarnir
accusative mána mánann mána mánana
dative mána mánanum mánum mánunum
genitive mána mánans mána mánanna

hendi inni hœgri / um himinjódyr;

the right hand / around the heavens rim;

  • hendi dat. sg. hǫnd f (genitive handar, dative hendi, plural hendr) hand
  • inni dat. f. sg definite article
  • hœgri dat. f. sg. hœgr (comparative hœgri, superlative hœgastr) easy, convenient, (comparative) right
  • um prep. +acc about around
  • himinn m. heaven sky
  • jódyr rim, border, edge ?(Hrafnagaldur Óðins 25. jodyr, jo dyr, iodyr, jadyr)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hǫnd hǫndin hendr hendrnar
accusative hǫnd hǫndina hendr hendrnar
dative hendi hendinni hǫndum hǫndunum
genitive handar handarinnar handa handanna
comparative
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative hœgri hœgri hœgra
accusative hœgra hœgri hœgra
dative hœgra hœgri hœgra
genitive hœgra hœgri hœgra
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative hœgri hœgri hœgri
accusative hœgri hœgri hœgri
dative hœgrum hœgrum hœgrum
genitive hœgri hœgri hœgri

sól þat ne vissi / hvar hon sali átti,

sun knew not / what temples she had,

  • sól f (genitive singular sólar, plural sólir) sun
  • þat acc. n. sg. pron. demonst.
  • ne adv ne a negative particle (poet.) with a verb,
  • vissi verb 3rd sg perf ind act vita to have sense, be conscious, vita ‎(singular past indicative vissi, plural past indicative vissu, past participle vitaðr) to know
  • hvar adv hvar where, in or at what Place (h vartu í nótt, eða h er þitt heimili ?) ; h skulu vit á leita? where shall we search?;
  • hon nom. f. sg. she =sól
  • sali noun pl acc salr room, hall (skjöldum er s þakiðr)
  • átti past eiga ‎(singular past indicative átti, plural past indicative áttu, past participle áttr) to have, to own
number first person second person reflexive third person
case singular singular masculine singular feminine singular neuter
nominative ek þú hann hon, hón þat
accusative mik þik sik hann hana, hána þat
dative mér þér sér hánum, honum, hónum henni því
genitive mín þín sín hans hennar þess
case dual
nominative vit it, þit
accusative okr, okkr ykr, ykkr sik
dative okr, okkr ykr, ykkr sér
genitive okkar ykkar sín
case plural plural masculine plural feminine plural neuter
nominative vér ér, þér þeir þær þau
accusative oss yðr sik þá þær þau
dative oss yðr sér þeim þeim þeim
genitive vár yðar, yðvar sín þeirra þeirra þeirra

infinitive vita
present participle vitandi
past participle vitaðr
indicative present past
1st-person singular vei vissa
2nd-person singular veizt vissir
3rd-person singular vei vissi
1st-person plural vitum vissum
2nd-person plural vitið vissuð
3rd-person plural vita vissu

infinitive eiga
present participle eigandi
past participle áttr
indicative present past
1st-person singular á átta
2nd-person singular átt áttir
3rd-person singular á átti
1st-person plural eigum áttum
2nd-person plural eigið áttuð
3rd-person plural eiga áttu

máni þat ne vissi / hvat hann megins átti,

moon knew not / what power he possessed,

  • hvat what (nominative and accusative singular neuter interrogative / relative pronoun)
  • megins noun sg gen megin might, power, strenght (svá sem á leið sóttina minkaði storum m hans);
neuter singular
indefinite definite
nominative megin megnit
accusative megin megnit
dative megni, magni megninu, magninu
genitive megins meginsins

stjörnur þat ne vissu / hvar þær staði áttu.

stars knew not / what places they had.

  • stjörnur nom. pl. stjarna f (genitive stjǫrnu, plural stjǫrnur) star
  • þær nom. f. pl. =stjörnur
  • staði acc. pl. staðr m (genitive staðar, plural staðir) a place, spot, abode, a city, town, palace
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative stjarna stjarnan stjǫrnur stjǫrnurnar
accusative stjǫrnu stjǫrnuna stjǫrnur stjǫrnanar
dative stjǫrnu stjǫrnunni stjǫrnum stjǫrnunum
genitive stjǫrnu stjǫrnunnar stjarnna stjarnnanna
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative staðr staðrinn staðir staðirnir
accusative stað staðinn staði staðina
dative stað, staði staðinum stǫðum stǫðunum
genitive staðar staðarins staða staðanna
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Völuspá 4

4.

Áðr Burs synir / bjöðum um ypðu,

Ere Bur’s sons / the burden lifted,

  • áðr adv. already, before
  • Burs gen. Burr, Borr
  • synir noun pl nom sonr m. son
  • bjǫð f flat land, ground
  • ypðu 3pl. past lift, raise
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative sonr sonrinn synir synirnir
accusative son soninn sonu, syni sonuna
dative syni syninum sonum sonunum
genitive sonar sonarins sona sonanna
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bjǫð bjǫðin bjaðir bjaðirnar
accusative bjǫð bjǫðina bjaðir bjaðirnar
dative bjǫðu bjǫðunni bjǫðum bjǫðunum
genitive bjaðar bjaðarinnar bjaða bjaðanna
infinitive yppa
present participle yppandi
past participle ypðr
indicative present past
1st-person singular yppi ypða
2nd-person singular yppir ypðir
3rd-person singular yppir ypði
1st-person plural yppum ypðum
2nd-person plural yppið ypðuð
3rd-person plural yppa ypðu

þeir er Miðgarð / mæran skópu;

they who Midgard / mighty created;

  • þeir nom. m. pl
  • Miðgarðr miðr ‎(“middle”) + garðr ‎(“enclosure, yard”)
  • garðr m. an enclosed space, yard
  • mæran acc. m. sg. mærr famous, glorious
  • skópu 3pl past skapa ‎(singular past indicative skóp, plural past indicative skópu, past participle skapaðr) to shape, make, create
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative garðr garðrinn garðar garðarnir
accusative garð garðinn garða garðana
dative garði garðinum gǫrðum gǫrðunum
genitive garðs garðsins garða garðanna
infinitive skapa
present participle skapandi
past participle skapaðr
indicative present past
1st-person singular skapi skapaða, skóp
2nd-person singular skapir skapaðir, skópt
3rd-person singular skapir skapaði, skóp
1st-person plural skǫpum skǫpuðum, skópum
2nd-person plural skapið skǫpuðuð, skópuð
3rd-person plural skapa skǫpuðu, skópu

sól skein sunnan / á salar steina,

sun shone from the south / on the temple rocks,

  • sól f (genitive singular sólar, plural sólir) sun
  • skein verb 3rd sg perf ind act skína to shine
  • sunnan adv sunnan from the south
  • á prep. onto +acc., on +dat.
  • salr m (genitive salar, plural salir) room, hall
  • steina noun pl acc steinn m (genitive steins, plural steinar) a stone, boulder, rock
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative sól sólin sólir sólirnar
accusative sól sólina sólir sólirnar
dative sól sólini sólum sólunum
genitive sólar sólarinnar sóla sólanna
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative salr salrinn salir salirnir
accusative sal salinn sali salina
dative sal salinum sǫlum sǫlunum
genitive salar salarins sala salanna
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative steinn steinninn steinar steinarnir
accusative stein steininn steina steinana
dative steini steininum steinum steinunum
genitive steins steinsins steina steinanna

þá var grund gróin / grœnum lauki.

the ground grows / with green onions.

  • þá adv. then
  • grund noun sg nom grund f (genitive grundar, plural grundir) green field, grassy plain
  • gróin part. nom. f. sg. gróa ‎(singular past indicative greri, plural past indicative greru, past participle gróinn) to grow (of plants)
  • grœnn (comparative grœnni, superlative grœnstr) green, fresh
  • lauki noun sg dat laukr leek, garlic
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative grœnn grœn grœnt
accusative grœnan grœna grœnt
dative grœnum grœnri grœnu
genitive grœns grœnrar grœns
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative grœnir grœnar grœn
accusative grœna grœnar grœn
dative grœnum grœnum grœnum
genitive grœnra grœnra grœnra
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative laukr laukrinn laukar laukarnir
accusative lauk laukinn lauka laukana
dative lauki laukinum laukum laukunum
genitive lauks lauksins lauka laukanna